Month: August 2005


  • August 18, 2005
    Google to Sell Up to $4 Billion in New Stock
    By VIKAS BAJAJ
    and JENNIFER BAYOT

    Surprising investors and analysts, Google said today that it would sell up to $4 billion in stock, but the Internet search company offered few details on what it would do with the cash other than to hint at possible acquisitions.

    The company, which went public in one of the most successful initial public offerings ever this month last year, filed a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission saying it would sell 14.16 million of its class A shares. At their Wednesday closing price of $285.10, that would fetch Google $4.04 billion.

    Google, which had almost $3 billion in cash as of the end of June, said it would use the money from the stock offering to finance continuing operations and possibly for acquisitions. Its filing read: “In addition, we may use proceeds of this offering for acquisitions of complementary businesses, technologies or other assets.”

    But the company also noted that it did not have any “agreements or commitments” to buy any companies or assets rights now, and in the meantime would park the money in investments that could be easily sold off if Google wanted to use the cash quickly.

    Analysts said they were surprised and hard pressed to explain the stock offering, but noted that Google frequently makes cryptic moves and announcements.

    “The question is, what kind of acquisition can they make?” Youssef Squali, an analyst at Jefferies & Company, said. “The company has been extremely tight-lipped as to what their long-term strategy is.”

    Though Google has said it has little interest in becoming a Web portal like Yahoo, the company has an inherent interest in acquiring the kind of content that would encourage people to spend more time on its Web sites. Google and other Internet companies have found it challenging to reach the local markets that conventional media like yellow pages and community newsletters cater to.

    “Do they go after content the way Yahoo has?” Mr. Squali asked. Or, “do they acquire an offline media company?”

    Founded by a computer science duo that met at Stanford University, Sergey Brin and Larry Page, Google has developed, and seemingly relished, a maverick reputation on Wall Street. Unlike many others, the company does not give analysts earnings and revenue forecasts and is not uncomfortable telling investors that it will spend more than they expected on hiring and research and development.

    The company’s blunt, and sometimes dismissive, approach to traditional investor relations was evident in a warning to potential shareholders that Google included in its S.E.C. filing today: “We may apply the proceeds of this offering to uses that do not improve our operating results or increase the value of your investment.”

    But that has done little to hurt the company’s stock price, which trades at about three times the price it went public at last year. In July, the stock briefly soared past $300 a share, but it has since fallen back to around $280. Early this afternoon, Google’s stock was down $6.18, or 2.2 percent, at $278.92, in Nasdaq trading.

    The new offering would dilute the ownership stake of existing shareholders, which include employees with stock options, by about 5 percent. Perhaps, one analyst said, Google views this as an opportune time to cash in on its high stock price to give itself more room to maneuver in the future when its stock price is not quite as lofty and Wall Street is not quite as enamored with the company.

    “The market is presenting the opportunity to them, and they should take advantage of it,” said the analyst, Ivan Feinseth, research director at Matrix USA, a New York brokerage and research firm. “Feed the ducks when they’re quacking – sell when they want to buy.”

    The company is also leaving all of its options open by being vague about how it may use the money, Mr. Squali of Jeffries said. “They want to maintain as much flexibility in their decision making process as they can. And you know what – with the kind of numbers they have been putting up, they can.”

    Some analysts have said, and Google has acknowledged, that the company’s revenue, which doubled in 2004 to $3.19 billion, may not continue to grow at the blazing pace of the last few years because the Internet search business is maturing, competition from Yahoo and Microsoft is intensifying and Google’s newest Web services have not yet been shown to be big moneymakers.

    In the second quarter, Google’s had $1.38 billion in revenue, up 98 percent from a year ago but only 10 percent from the first three months of the year.

    Meanwhile, expenses are also growing as the company hires hundreds of employees and increases investments in developing new products. Expenses totaled $908.8 million in the second quarter, up 12 percent from the first quarter and 72 percent from a year ago. Net income of $342.8 million and profit margins of 25 percent in the latest quarter were both down from the results posted in the first quarter.

    The company said the stock offering would be underwritten by Morgan Stanley, Credit Suisse First Boston and Allen & Company. The investment banks will have the option to buy 600,000 additional shares to cover over allotments on top of the 14.16 million shares.

    Google has two classes of shares, A and B. Mr. Brin, Mr. Page and Google’s chief executive, Eric Schmidt, own most of the class B shares, which have 10 votes to the single vote of each class A share.

    CopyrightThe New York Times Company

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  • August 18, 2005
    4 U.S. Soldiers Killed as the Violence Continues in Iraq
    By EDWARD WONG
    BAGHDAD, Iraq, Aug. 18 –

    Continued violence claimed the lives of four American soldiers today, the military said.

    They were killed when a roadside bomb exploded in the northern city of Samarra this morning. No other details were made available.

    Today’s violence follows a deadly day in which three car bombs exploded in quick succession in and around a crowded bus station in Baghdad, killing at least 43 people, wounding 88 and paralyzing one of Iraq’s most important transportation networks.

    The assault, the deadliest in a month, took place at the height of morning rush hour Wednesday at Iraq’s equivalent of the Port Authority bus terminal in Manhattan.

    It appeared to be aimed at Shiite Arabs boarding buses and shared taxis bound for cities in the south, and further inflamed sectarian tensions. The attack also underscored the Sunni-led insurgency’s ability to strike, seemingly with ease, at some of the most important infrastructure.

    The bombings coincided with the formal resumption of negotiations over the new constitution, which is now due by Monday, after the Parliament voted for a one-week extension of the deadline. The three major ethnic and sectarian groups in Iraq – the Sunni Arabs, Shiite Arabs and Kurds – remain deadlocked on fundamental issues that will shape the future, particularly the right to carve out autonomous regions. The Bush administration is putting enormous pressure on Iraqi leaders to complete a draft this week.

    The explosions on Wednesday began at 7:50 a.m., sending body parts and debris flying across the Nahda bus terminal in central Baghdad. Horrified survivors rushed in a wailing frenzy from the vast open-air lot. The Iraqi police quickly shut down the area and began moving through the charred hulks of buses, sifting through items that included a baby’s milk bottle and bloody tatters of clothing.

    “There were a lot of bodies, a lot of smoke,” said Faraj Lilo Anad, 37, the police officer in charge of security at the terminal. “When the explosion happened, I could feel myself flying. Then I landed on the ground. I said, ‘Thank God I’m still alive.’ ”

    By noon, the morgue of a nearby hospital was overflowing with bodies, and new ones had to be stacked outside in the 120-degree heat.

    Because air travel is limited and expensive, many Iraqis use public buses to move around the country. Until now, there have been few attacks on the network, even though terrorists in Israel and Britain have carried out bus bombings. The buses at Nahda go to cities in the Kurdish north and Shiite-dominated south, while buses running to western Iraq, the heartland of the Sunni Arab insurgency, depart from a different station.

    The first bomb was packed into a car that had been parked in the corner of the station where many Shiites congregate to catch buses south, Mr. Anad said. The second car bomb exploded 10 minutes later right outside the terminal, as police and emergency workers were rushing to the scene. The third car bomb detonated at 8:45 a.m. by Al Kindi Hospital, where many of the victims from the first attacks were being taken, said the United States Army’s Third Infantry Division, which is charged with controlling Baghdad.

    “When the first bombing happened, other cars here started exploding one by one,” said Amar Thajil Mansour, 23, a worker in a clothing store outside the station. “There was yelling and crying from women and children running to safety. Most of the people here are Shiites. They’re trying to kill Shiites.”

    A poster of Moktada al-Sadr, the radical Shiite cleric, hung in the devastated corner of the bus station, near where the owner of a falafel stand had been shredded by flying shrapnel.

    The coordinated attack killed more people than any since July 16, when a suicide bomber blew up a fuel truck next to a Shiite mosque in Musayyib, 40 miles south of Baghdad. That incident ignited outrage among many Shiites and even prompted a rare denunciation from Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, the most revered Shiite cleric in Iraq. A senior Shiite politician said at the time that the ayatollah had urged the government to take steps to prevent “mass annihilation.”

    Violence flared Wednesday elsewhere in Iraq.

    Insurgents killed six Iraqi soldiers driving to Kirkuk, in the north, a police official said. The soldiers were returning from a training camp and had been assigned to protect an oil pipeline that is frequently attacked.

    The American military said one of its soldiers was killed Tuesday by a roadside bomb in southwest Baghdad, and another was killed Monday in a drive-by shooting in Mosul, in the north.

    The military also said some Iraqi civilians were killed or injured when American forces attacked suspected insurgents from the air in Baghdad early Tuesday. In the battle, American helicopters “tracked and engaged the terrorists,” the military said in a statement, and an investigation is under way.

    The office of President Jalal Talabani announced Wednesday that Mr. Talabani had authorized one of his vice presidents, Adel Abdul Mehdi, to approve the death sentence for three men convicted of dozens of rapes, kidnappings and killings in Kut, in the south. In the past, Mr. Talabani joined lawyers from other countries in denouncing the death penalty. Executions carry enormous emotional weight in Iraq, because Saddam Hussein’s government used them indiscriminately to get rid of its enemies.

    Mr. Talabani appeared at a news conference on Wednesday afternoon with Gen. Richard B. Myers, the chairman of the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff. The general said he had spoken with both Mr. Talabani and Prime Minister Ibrahim al-Jaafari, the prime minister, about finishing the constitution. “I’ve been assured by both the president and prime minister that they are making progress,” he said.

    Mr. Talabani thanked the general for American sacrifices in Iraq but did not mention the constitution.

    Gen. George W. Casey Jr., the senior American commander in Iraq, said in an interview that he was still considering increasing the number of American forces here in advance of national elections in December.

    With the insurgency showing little sign of abating, the Bush administration is pinning its hopes for stability in Iraq on the political process. American officials say Iraqi leaders must stick to the timetable of holding a national referendum on a new constitution by Oct. 15 and elections for a full-term government by Dec. 15, even though the Parliament missed the initial deadline of Aug. 15 for approving a draft of the constitution. With five days now to go, the top political leaders still appeared staunchly at odds on major issues like regional autonomy, the legal role of Islam and the authority of Shiite ayatollahs.

    The Iraqi Islamic Party, a powerful Sunni Arab group, said in a written statement on Wednesday that politicians were “wasting time in useless discussions,” and that Kurds and Shiite Arabs on the 71-member constitutional committee were trying to distract Sunni Arabs from more important issues by lobbying for regional autonomy.

    Nowhere was the precariousness of Iraq more evident than at Al Kindi Hospital in the aftermath of the explosions. A woman searched through bodies at the morgue, yelling, “Where is my son?” In a hospital bed, a thin man writhed in pain, his left leg encrusted with dirt and blood.

    “I was in the street when I heard the first explosion at the bus station,” said the man, Ahsan Sadiq, 30, a worker at a Housing Ministry office. “Then I felt another explosion, and I woke up inside this hospital.”

    A doctor in the room turned to a visitor and said, quietly, that Mr. Sadiq might need to have his leg amputated.

    Layla Isitfan, Craig S. Smith and Thom Shanker contributed reporting for this article.

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  • 08-MAY-2002

    Rolling Stones in 2002



    Keith Richards , Rolling Stones Guitarist in New York, May 8, 2002


  • LONE STAR
    by DAN HALPERN
    Kinky Friedman on the campaign trail.
    Issue of 2005-08-22
    Posted 2005-08-15
    New Yorker


    Here are a few lessons from modern American music. First, he not busy being born is busy dying. Second, you can’t hang a man for killing a woman who is trying to steal your horse. And, third, you come to see what you want to see; you come to see, but you never come to know.

    These are good lessons. Bob Dylan provided the first, Willie Nelson the second. The third belongs to Kinky Friedman, who, in the nineteen-seventies, travelled around the country with his country-and-Western band—Kinky Friedman and the Texas Jewboys—annoying audiences with a series of goading, satirical songs with titles like “They Ain’t Makin’ Jews Like Jesus Anymore” and “Asshole from El Paso.” In the eighties, after the band broke up, Kinky reinvented himself as a mystery novelist. In the past twenty years, he has written seventeen mysteries starring a detective named Kinky Friedman—a Jewish cowboy from Texas who has quit a singing career for a life of sleuthing and one-liners in New York City. Today, Dylan and Nelson, whose onstage thrones in the great concert hall of musical divinity were installed decades ago, seem to intend to ride their tour buses forever. Kinky, who never learned to sit still much, has grown tired of his second career—this year, at the age of sixty, he announced that his most recent mystery will be his last—and has sought out a third. He intends to be the governor of Texas.

    At nine o’clock on a bright May morning, near the start of his first real campaign swing, the candidate was sitting in the shabby ground-floor restaurant of the Doubletree Hotel in downtown Houston, wondering what to have for breakfast. “The decisions that kill me are the little ones,” Kinky told me later. “Wardrobe kills me. I have two outfits. I have my Waylon Jennings vest, which is this booger here that Waylon gave me, and I have my preaching coat, and every morning it takes me half the goddam day to figure which one I’m going to wear.” On this occasion, he had gone with the vest—the preaching coat is usually reserved for more formal occasions—a slightly weather-beaten black leather number, worn over a black shirt and jeans, topped off with his customary black Stetson and the first of eight or ten cigars (Montecristo No. 2s) that he smokes each day. “The Governor has decided on pancakes!” he barked, finally. “Jewford, are there pancakes at this buffet? Do you see any kind of pancakes anywhere?”

    “Pancakes for the Governor! The Governor will have pancakes!” Little Jewford shouted, and promptly did nothing about it. Little Jewford—who was born Jeff Shelby—was one of the original Jewboys, a conservatory-trained pianist who played keyboards, accordion, clavieta, toy trumpet, and kazoo. In this new road show he acts as Kinky’s driver, all-around bodyman, and voice of reason—or, often, a sort of profound unreason. They have known each other for almost fifty years, since they were children, and they play off each other in a continuous Marx Brothers-style high vaudeville—Kinky does Groucho, Jewford does both Chico and Harpo. Kinky, who has never been married, often introduces Jewford to crowds as “very possibly the next First Lady of the state of Texas”; when asked about it, Jewford tends to shrug and say things like “I need a gig.”

    Kinky went off to look for breakfast in another part of the restaurant. Much as he has a set of different voices—a soft, ruminative tone for conversation, a booming, exaggeratedly countrified delivery when he’s playing the role of bullhorn preacher—Kinky has a few different walks. Now he put on the full cowboy strut, shoulders back and hands at hips: the cowboy hunting breakfast. He soon found the buffet and pancakes, but no syrup. “The Governor needs syrup!” Kinky said. “Is there any syrup for the Governor?”

    Eventually, a waiter turned up with the syrup. He couldn’t stop grinning, and he insisted on addressing Kinky deferentially as Governor, which made the candidate a little nervous. He liked making the joke himself, but the waiter really seemed to mean it. Kinky’s problem, he has said, is that he considers himself a serious soul who has never been taken seriously. But you might say that his problem is more that he’s always taken seriously for the wrong things, at the wrong times. He’s taken literally when he sings an entirely silly anti-women’s-liberation song that’s meant as satire (“Get Your Biscuits in the Oven and Your Buns in the Bed”); he’s not taken seriously when he sings a sober, elegiac country song about the Holocaust (“Ride ‘Em Jewboy”). At breakfast, he was just having fun with the idea of being governor-self-mockery as self-importance-and the waiter took it straight; later that day, he would be annoyed by reporters who insinuated that he was just faking a campaign for the hell of it. But in the restaurant he relaxed after a moment and smiled at the waiter, shook his hand, thanked him for the syrup, and told him he was a good Texan. Then he started in on the pancakes, pronouncing, “The Governor is happy.” After another bite, he added, “Well, maybe happy is going a little far. But the Governor has syrup. So that’s something.”



    Kinky Friedman’s candidacy is bound to be something; what that something is is still up for debate. He is surely the only candidate for governor to have written extensively about his past cocaine use, or to have flown in Led Zeppelin’s private plane, or to have performed at the Grand Ole Opry. He is also currently the only candidate in the 2006 Texas gubernatorial campaign to operate outside the party system, without party money. Kinky, as everyone calls him, is running as an independent candidate. He’ll need nearly fifty thousand signatures to get in the race, all of which must be collected in the two months following the party primaries, next March. (Given that thirty thousand volunteers have already signed up to help on the campaign, this looks probable.) For the time being, he intends to capitalize on voter dissatisfaction, and on whatever’s left of the tradition of Texas populism. In his latest book, a collection of essays called “Texas Hold ‘Em,” he writes, “My platform is to remember that when they went out searching for Sam Houston to try to persuade him to be the governor—and he was the greatest governor this state has ever had—rumor has it that they found him drunk, sleeping under a bridge with the Indians.”

    Kinky has no stump speech; he just talks. “Seventy-one per cent of eligible voters in Texas did not vote in the last gubernatorial election,” he told a crowd of six or seven hundred at a public fund-raising event later that night in a Houston design store. “And what that means to me is that Texans aren’t happy with the choices they’re being given.” The crowd ate it up, buying Kinky posters and T-shirts (“KINKY 2006: WHY THE HELL NOT?”) like fans at a rock concert desperate for proof that they had seen their idol. There were a few hundred more of them than anyone had expected—Republicans and Democrats, blond society ladies with industrialstrength hair styles and balding hippies with ponytails, heavily tattooed bikers with necks like fire hydrants, lawyers in three-thousand-dollar suits, and hipster twenty-somethings with T-shirts that said things like “Jesusland: pop. 59,459,765” (a slightly inaccurate reference to the number of votes cast for George W. Bush in 2004). The size and the seriousness of the crowd, as well as its deeply strange composition, seemed to take Kinky aback a little, and he shot Jewford a bemused grin.

    Back at the Doubletree, Jewford, Kinky, and Beano Boynton, a large, fast-talking Texas Hill Country native, who is in charge of fund-raising, put together a kind of late-night strategy session in Kinky’s room. Not a lot of strategy actually came up. No political observer in the state was giving Kinky Friedman any chance at all, and he was still saying things like “If I win, the first thing I’ll do is demand a recount,” and promising that, if elected the first Jewish governor of Texas, he would reduce the speed limit to 54.95. He had previously explained that he wanted the job because he needed the closet space, and he had already promised the job of warden of women’s prisons to at least eight different guys. But, one after another, voters told him they thanked God that he had decided to do this, that they were sick of the way politics was being practiced.

    “These people are deathly serious,” Beano said, sprawled on a chair that was slightly too small for him. He mentioned one of the organizers of the night’s event. “He’s the regional director,” he said, “the one who wants us to do the grand opening in Austin.”

    “Are we helping them or are they helping us?” Kinky asked.

    “We’re getting their e-mail list,” Beano said.

    “You know, we’re going to wind up with five hundred thousand volunteers and no money,” Kinky said.

    “Well, if that happens,” Jewford said, “we can just forget the political stuff and form a new soccer league.”

    But Kinky’s basic campaign platforms were going over well, and he felt that he was staking out a centrist spot that party candidates couldn’t. Earlier in the day, he had lectured the Society of Professional Journalists on America’s divided culture (“I grieve that NASCAR people never go to the lesbians’ tea-houses, and the lesbians never go to NASCAR”) and outlined his policies on education. “I say, No Teacher Left Behind. The teachers are getting screwed,” Kinky said. “Every appointee to the education system in a Friedman administration will have an education degree and classroom time.” In addition to the No Teacher Left Behind program, he has proposed financing public education through the legalization of video poker terminals in bars: Slots for Tots. The journalists seemed a little disturbed by his support for nondenominational prayer in schools: what sort of prayer would it be? Kinky didn’t know, but offered an explanation for his position: “Well, I confess that I get bored with the Lord on occasion, and, when I do, my spiritual adviser, Billy Joe Shaver, who has an affinity for the divinity, has convinced me that prayer is an excellent idea.”

    Kinky says he is not worried about a heavily Christian state accepting a Jewish candidate. (He’s a little worried by a joke he used to make about Baptists, that they don’t keep them underwater long enough, but not too worried.) The issue came up the following day while he was talking to a film crew from Country Music Television, who were hoping to make a reality series about the campaign. “Anyone gives me any of that shit,” he said, putting on his bullhorn-preacher voice, “I’ll just say, ‘I’m washed in the same blood you are, brother.’ ”“Can we get that on camera?” a producer asked. Kinky ignored him. “And if that doesn’t work,” he said, “I’ll hit ‘em with John 3:15.”

    Everyone laughed, but it turned out that nobody had any idea what the passage said. Kinky grew louder. “Does anyone know? You bunch of godless heathens? It’s-it’s-well, shit.” He lost the preacher voice for a moment. “No, no, wait a minute, I got it.” He cleared his throat. “ ‘That whosoever believeth in Jesus should not perish but have eternal life.’ ”

    Away from the cameras, he said to me, “Eternal life! Christ. Did I tell you what Bob Dylan said to me about dying? He said, ‘When you die they let you off the hook.’ ”



    Leaving Houston, Kinky stopped briefly in Austin, and then drove off to Echo Hill Ranch for a rest. Echo Hill is a four-hundred-acre property in the Texas Hill Country, about an hour and a half west of Austin. Kinky’s parents bought Echo Hill in 1952, and founded a children’s summer camp there that became an important summer community for Jewish Texans. The elder Friedmans, the children of Polish and Russian immigrants, who spent their lives as educators, ran it until they died; Kinky’s sister, who works for the State Department, helped run the place for years, and now his brother, a psychologist, has taken over.

    The Friedmans moved to Texas from Chicago in 1945, a year after Kinky’s birth. (Of Chicago, Kinky, who was born Richard Friedman, has written, “I lived there one year, couldn’t find work, and moved to Texas, where I haven’t worked since.”) Echo Hill is the site of many of Kinky’s happiest memories, and when he’s not on the road he spends most of his time there, in a small, slightly dilapidated one-story lodge, decorated with old Jewboy posters and countless photographs of his family and friends. He putters around, refills the hummingbird feeders that his mother put out decades ago, takes phone calls. He makes occasional trips into town, but not often. He lives alone, except for four profoundly unruly dogs whom he calls the Friedmans and on whom he dotes as if they were grandchildren. Over a meal of steak and beans—in fact every meal we ate at the ranch was steak and beans—the dogs are likely to end up with most of the steak while Kinky gets the beans.

    Kinky spent his summers at Echo Hill—as boys, he and Jewford first performed together there—as a camper and then as a counsellor, through high school in Austin and college at the University of Texas. It was at U.T. that Richard Friedman became Kinky Friedman, a name given him by Nick (Chinga) Chavin, later a country singer himself, in reference to Kinky’s hair—“a little Jewish Afro,” as Chavin put it. (Kinky has referred to his hair as “a Lyle Lovett starter kit.”) Kinky graduated in 1966, joined the Peace Corps, and was posted to Borneo. “I taught the children to play Frisbee, and some Hank Williams songs,” he told me, sitting in a small field at the ranch. He has often noted that he was sent to teach agriculture to people who had been farming successfully for thousands of years. So he spent most of his time playing with the children, getting drunk with the adults, and writing some of the songs that he later became known for. “We learned a lot more than they did,” he said. “It changed us.” He paused, considered the half-smoked, extinguished cigar in his hand, and lit it up again. “And the truth is if those people had come to Texas at that time somebody probably would have stomped the shit out of them.”

    He left Borneo in 1968 and ended up in Nashville, trying to make it as a songwriter. Eventually, he called Jewford, who was in California, studying music and theatre, and started getting a band together. The Jewboys were in place by 1973, when they released their first LP, “Sold American.” That summer, they performed at the Grand Ole Opry, in Nashville, and the title track of “Sold American” reached the country charts. Soon, the Jewboys were performing with Willie Nelson and Waylon Jennings, with Jerry Lee Lewis and Billy Joel. Everyone from Jerry Garcia and Ken Kesey to Abbie Hoffman and Keith Richards showed up to see them, and Kinky toured with Dylan on his “Rolling Thunder Revue.”

    No one quite knew what to make of them. Dylan Ferrero, a Peace Corps friend who became the Jewboys’ road manager, told me, “Major Bowles, our drummer, used to say, ‘What’s wrong, man—we don’t have any groupies! All we got is Jewish sociology professors taking notes!’ ” The concept of political correctness was just taking shape, and the Jewboys’ entire plan of attack was to puncture it. There were serious songs—“Rapid City, South Dakota,” for instance, which Kinky has described as “the first pro-choice country song”—but the satirical work got most of the attention. “Sure, we wanted to shock the world, to a certain degree,” Jewford said. “And what we were doing, well, Hank Williams and Bob Wills, absolutely, but also Lenny Bruce.” The Jewboys got thrown off the stage in Dallas, chased off the stage in Buffalo, and threatened, by both Jewish groups and anti-Semites, in New York.

    “The truth is, I don’t remember all that much of it,” Kinky told me. He once wrote, “I’d had a number of bad experiences with drugs, one of them lasting for several decades.” Jewford told me, “There was a doctor in Nashville everyone called Dr. Snap. You’d just go to Dr. Snap, and you’d say, ‘Oh, I’m tired, really tired, Dr. Snap.’ Of course, there’d also be nine hundred musicians in a line right behind you.” At one point, Jewford said, he was doing so much speed that the ends of his handlebar mustache just fell off. And then there was cocaine. “All of a sudden, it was there. It just appeared. And it appeared in mounds. And then shovelfuls.”

    The Jewboys didn’t so much break up as drift apart. The way Ferrero remembers it, he was standing in line at an airport after a gig in 1976 and spotted Jewford standing in another line, waiting for a different flight. Jewford said nothing, got on the plane, and never came back. He and Kinky didn’t reunite until twenty years later, when they began playing tours in Europe and Australia. Kinky ended up performing with new backup bands in a weekly slot at the Lone Star Café, in New York. It was a successful show, with a celebrity following that included John Belushi and Mickey Mantle, but cocaine was exacting a toll, spiritually and financially. “Kinky was taking in something like six thousand dollars a week, and he still couldn’t afford a place to live,” Mike McGovern, a former columnist for the News, told me.

    Kinky’s first forays into mystery writing, he likes to say, came out of a dead horse: his record label had dropped him, and the Lone Star show was flagging. “I was at a real low point,” he told me at Echo Hill. “Desperation drove those early books.” He wrote the first, “Greenwich Killing Time,” in 1984, on a typewriter that had belonged to McGovern’s mother; McGovern himself features as the police’s main suspect in a Greenwich Village murder. But Kinky was tired of New York. He had recently lost his “spiritual big brother,” the actor Tom Baker, to heroin, and a girlfriend, Kacey Cohen—“the love of my life, as they say”—in a car crash. In 1985, he went home to Texas; that year, his mother died of a heart attack. After that, he stayed home, leaving drugs and, for the most part, the wild life behind him. It’s not lost on him that, in effect, he simply moved back in with his parents and never left. “I’m still a child, very immature,” he told me. “Never really grew up, never really did a conventional job.” Children pick up on this and see a kind of ally in Kinky, immediately fixing on him as the most interesting person in the room. “Treat adults like children and children like adults” was one of his father’s guiding credos, and it is perhaps in an only slightly twisted homage to this that one of Kinky’s favorite lines, when he spots a child in the audience, is “The Kinkster never likes to say ‘fuck’ in front of a c-h-i-l-d.”

    Kinky moved into a little green trailer at Echo Hill and set about writing novels, which began to appear at the rate of nearly one a year. Populated by people from Kinky’s life, the books are based in reality but jump off from there into loopy mystery plots. The plots are always subordinate to the voice, that of a somewhat addled cowboy-philosopher-king: “It’s OK to think you’re a cowboy, unless, of course, you happen to run into someone who thinks he’s an Indian.” These riffs are offset by the doings of a host of additional troublemakers, who run around New York bickering and ignoring Kinky’s wit and eating Chinese food, while Kinky ends up having conversations with his cat. Eventually, a crime is solved.

    “My primary aim is to amuse Americans on their aircraft,” Kinky once said, but, as with the music, his ambitions have always been, subtly, a little higher. Bill Clinton, a fan of the novels—he has asked Kinky for a cameo role in one—has said, “Some of them are actually quite good as mystery novels, but they’re all good in terms of the development of his take on life.” In this sense, the books are, like the music, a vehicle for the essential, unchanging product: Kinky himself. Lyle Lovett, who cites Kinky’s music as an influence on his own career, has said, “His career with the Texas Jewboys was just a way to introduce Kinky to the rest of us.”

    There are those who maintain that there’s a Richard Friedman behind the curtain, pulling the strings of a Kinky character, both in the books and in life. But the majority of his friends feel that Kinky is Kinky onstage and off. As his friend Penn Jillette, of the duo Penn & Teller, put it, “If you keep scratching Kinky, peeling off layers, you’ve got more of an onion thing going on than a mask.” As we drove back to Austin from Echo Hill, I asked whether the character is an idealized version of himself. “Well, he’s not an alter ego,” he said. “I mean, he’s not a guy who does great things. All he does is, he stumbles around, he can’t get laid, and he fucks up.” Then he added, “You have your life and your work, and you should get the two as confused and as mixed up as possible. Make it all one fabric. Vincent van Gogh did that. Hank Williams did it, Allen Ginsberg, Bukowski, those kinds of people did it.” He thought about it for a moment, lit his cigar, and added, “Anne Frank, of necessity, did it.”



    Kinky, in his life and work, has always felt most comfortable as an outsider: a Jew in Texas, a Texan in New York, a reactionary in progressive circles, and a progressive in conservative circles. “Too smart for country, too country for the intelligentsia,” as the journalist Larry Sloman—better known as Ratso, who in the mysteries plays Watson to Kinky’s Sherlock—once put it. In front of a liberal crowd, Kinky throws in as many racist and sexist epithets as he can think of. If it’s a country crowd, he uses bigger words and makes fun of rednecks. Naturally, this is part of his political appeal: politicians are always careful to say nothing offensive, whereas Kinky is careful to always say something offensive; he provokes not to stop conversation but to start it. It’s a delicate balance, however. As Evan Smith, the editor of Texas Monthly, for which Kinky wrote a column for four years, put it, “If he’s too much like the Kinky we all know and love, he risks not being taken seriously—but if he’s too serious he risks just being another guy. People will say, ‘If I wanted an unfunny guy, I’d vote for one of the actual candidates.’ ”

    Kinky will have to convince voters that he’s at least a little serious, and this means convincing them that he is sincere. Willie Nelson, aboard his tour bus just before a show in New Jersey, told me, “They come to hear just how far out is this guy, and I think that’s true of any entertainer who is being honest and truthful.” Kinky has said that he would appoint Nelson as his energy czar, in order to explore expanding the use of biodiesel, an alternative fuel that Nelson uses in his buses and cars. “They want to know how honest you’re gonna be,” Nelson said, “and I haven’t seen him back off on anything.”

    Returning to Austin, Kinky introduced a new media consultant to the press—Bill Hillsman, an adman who worked on Jesse Ventura’s campaign for governor of Minnesota, in 1998. The Ventura campaign, with its tiny budget, outlandish candidate, and unexpected triumph, is an important model for the Kinky campaign—Dean Barkley, the campaign director, also worked for Ventura—and Hillsman lost no time in schooling the staff on how to attract what he calls “unlikely voters.” At a strategy summit outside Austin, some of the campaign staff began to complain that the candidate’s policy positions weren’t being publicized enough. Hillsman, a pale Chicagoan rapidly turning pink in the strong Texas sun, told them, “We’re in the business of fomenting discontent. Even if we’ve got the greatest answers in the world, now’s the wrong time to be putting them out there, because no one’s really listening.” Most of the staff—a combination of Kinky’s old friends and energetic twenty-somethings—seemed to agree, although Cleve Hattersley, a musician who managed Kinky’s solo career in the eighties and is now the campaign’s communications director, said later, “I agree with Dean and Bill that less is best, but we do need more about who the fuck he is.”

    The campaign was now several weeks old, and the lines about needing more closet space were beginning to disappear. Kinky found himself approached more and more by Texans desperate for an alternative to the sort of candidates they were used to, and he was starting to feel that he had a responsibility to these people. More and more, he was saying, “You know, there’s something happening here,” and “I’m starting to think we could actually win this goddam thing.”

    The CNN political analyst and former Clinton adviser Paul Begala, who is from Houston, said, “It’s still, obviously, a Hail Mary, but the conditions are there.” He pointed to the likelihood of a weak Democratic candidate and of a vicious and divisive G.O.P. primary. “Kinky desperately needs a scandal,” he said, but, he added, that’s hardly out of the realm of possibility, with grand-jury investigations of a number of prominent Texas Republicans. “I think the stakes are lower in Texas, and Texans understand that,” he said, referring to the fact that the governor’s power in Texas is, compared with other states, limited. “We’re unlikely to go to war with Oklahoma.”

    The next leg of the campaign was a tour through the Dallas-Fort Worth area. Between fund-raisers, Kinky was dragged from his hotel across the street to the Bullring, a cavernous, mostly empty beer joint. Its owner, Ace Cook, a squat man with a yellowing walrus mustache, wanted to inform Kinky of his political philosophy.

    “I’m for you,” Cook said, sitting down to write the campaign a check. “I’m sick of these assholes who don’t represent me, or represent people.” By now, this sentiment had become a common refrain. “They represent A.T. & T. and Enron. How you gonna come and beg for my vote and then have nothing to do with me? Did Enron elect you or did I? I’m paying your salary, hoss. How’d it be if someone went up to the capitol and did what they said they would?”

    “It’d be a first,” the candidate said.

    “I believe it, hoss,” Cook said. “That’s why you’re gonna win.”

    Later that afternoon, a fund-raiser open to the public at the Flying Saucer, another Fort Worth bar, turned out to be precisely the sort of thing that professional political operatives plan—a venue filled with at least three times the number of people it’s supposed to accommodate. It was very hot and very humid, and Kinky’s voice was suffering. His writing hand was starting to cramp as he signed T-shirt after T-shirt, poster after poster, and the playful gleam in his eye was beginning to glaze over. Two firemen asked what he thought about cities dipping into firefighters’ pension funds. “That’s bullshit,” Kinky said, and more or less left it at that. But Kinky’s answer, and his style, was enough for the firemen, who called themselves Johnny Bravo and Blue. “He’s my man,” said Bravo, who voted for Rick Perry, the incumbent governor, in the last election. “I’m going to vote for him,” said Blue, who had voted Democrat. “I’m willing to vote for him just to send a message. But if he could actually win, so much the better.”

    Afterward, Kinky was escorted to a gigantic white S.U.V. and driven to the next event, at a bar in Dallas. “Suicide,” he muttered. “Suicide. Jesus, this could be a prison. What about all those security guys, talking into their sleeves? How’s that going to work? ‘Roger, roger, ten-four: Dirtbag 1 is moving. Repeat, Dirtbag 1 is moving.’ ”

    “Don’t flatter yourself,” Jewford said. “More like Dirtbag 5. Plenty of dirtbags more important than you.”

    But Kinky was not to be cheered up. He was worried that he wouldn’t be able to deal with people at the bar in Dallas. It was a bigger place, and some of the crowd were there just to drink. But here, too, the line went out the door for hours. These voters had had more alcohol than the afternoon crowd; a woman asked Kinky to sign her breast. (“Rick Perry would never do this,” she said, inspecting the autograph afterward. “Who’d want him to?” her friend said.) One slightly drunk voter asked Jewford why he wanted to be governor. “I don’t,” Jewford said. Several more asked him the same thing. “I don’t want to be fucking governor,” he said. “What’s your stance on the environment?” a man asked, unfazed. “I don’t have a fucking stance,” Jewford said. Kinky, signing a poster with his face on it, heard the exchange and cracked up. But afterward he collapsed into the car.

    The next morning, Jewford drove Kinky to Houston. Kinky was still irritated about a few people at the fund-raiser who had asked him if this was all just a ploy to sell books, and he was tired of being followed around by the crew from Country Music Television. “Do I really want to be one of these old-time, colorful political fucks?” he said. “Do I really want to be this all the time? The Governor is sick of being miked. The Governor is sick of these fucks watching him all the time.” He opened the window to light up a dead Montecristo, changed his mind, and rolled the window back up. “On the other hand, I do like the idea of being able to say, ‘The Governor needs a cigar! The Governor needs a drink!’ ”

    He played with the cigar for a few minutes. “W.W.W.R.D.—What Would Will Rogers Do? That’s really it. Does that work? What did that lady call me? A modern-day common-sense philosopher? I think that’s it. I think that’s what we need.”

    “Yes, Ma’am,” Jewford said.

    “It’s a corrupt and diseased system. It’s the stifling of Texas’s spirit, and it’s the career politicians who are the real joke. Oh, hell. This could be something—but who fucking knows? We have no idea how this is going to turn out.”

    “You don’t know what the monkey eat until the monkey shit,” Jewford said, quoting a line from one of Kinky’s favorite sages, Leon (Slim) Dodson, a Second World War veteran who worked for years at Echo Hill washing dishes.

    “That’s right,” Kinky said, very pleased. Thinking of Slim made him happy for a moment. But, despite the success of the evening, he was annoyed, and not looking forward to a private fund-raiser with a wealthier crowd.

    “I’m sick of being a performing monkey,” he said after a while. “I’m sick of these rich motherfuckers. But I’m also sick of people asking me if this is a joke. God damn it, I am serious. And they’re going to see that I am, eventually.” He paused, then added, “People are always misunderstanding each other. You can never think you have the last word on any human heart.”

    You come to see what you want to see, but you never come to know. Although Kinky wrote that line more than three decades ago, he’s never got entirely used to the idea that he was going to be seen a lot but never quite known the way he wanted. Intellectually, he accepts it. “Well, I like to be as misunderstood as the next guy,” he once said, “so I like guys like van Gogh, and Oscar Wilde, and Jesus Christ, and Lenny Bruce—yeah, I relate to them.” But he was still stewing about it when we made a rest stop in West, a small town near Waco, where he was approached by a middle-aged man from Dallas named Dennis Rainwater. It took just a few minutes for Kinky to know Dennis Rainwater a little and to like him very much; in just a few minutes, Dennis Rainwater came to feel that he knew and liked Kinky. They talked about Rainwater’s family history, and his home town, Harlingen, down in the Rio Grande Valley, not far from the Gulf of Mexico and the border. They talked briefly about how vicious and empty politics had become, and whether Kinky could change it. Rainwater thought so.

    “So you’re half Irish, half Cherokee? Now, that, my friend, is a powerful combination,” Kinky said, and made a joke about the potential for whiskey consumption.

    Rainwater didn’t seem to mind. “I’ll see you on that ballot,” he said.

    On parting, Kinky gave him his standard benediction: “May the god of your choice bless you.”


  •  


    Keith Richards



    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.




     Album photograph by Sante D’orazio

    Enlarge
    Album photograph by Sante D’orazio

    Keith Richards (born December 18, 1943 in Dartford, Kent), is a British guitarist and songwriter, best known for his work with The Rolling Stones, the band he founded with vocalist Mick Jagger and Brian Jones in 1962. His nicknames include Keef Riffhard. In addition to his work with The Stones, Richards also has worked as a session guitarist with artists as varied as Gram Parsons, Tom Waits, Bono and The Edge of U2, Nona Hendryx, John Phillips and Aretha Franklin.







    Contents

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    //




    Early life


    Keith Richards was a World War II baby born in the “crossfire hurricane” (mentioned in the lyrics of “Jumpin’ Jack Flash”) of German bombings in the Battle of Britain. He was an only child, reportedly conceived as a way to get his mother, Doris Richards, off the wartime factory production line. Richards’ father, Bert, was a disabled war veteran and working class factory labourer. Despite the family’s modest station, Richards’ paternal grandparents were socialists and civic leaders. His maternal grandfather toured Great Britain as a jazz/big band musician. In interviews, Richards often cites his mother’s father as a leading influence in his young life. He also admired the singing American Western film star Roy Rogers.


    His parents divorced around the time that Keith was expelled from Sidcup Art College. The divorce led to a long period of estrangement from his father, Bert Richards, which continued until 1979. It is sometimes erroneously cited that this estrangement led Richards to drop the “s” from his surname from the mid-1960s to 1981. Nevertheless, the idea was originally proposed by Andrew Loog Oldham, the first manager of the Stones. He advised Richards to drop the “s” as it would resemble the name of Cliff Richard, one of Britain’s greatest stars at that time. Keith did reintroduce the “s” to his surname after he reconciled with his father in 1979. His father accompanied his son on every Rolling Stones tour from 1979 until his death in 2002.




    Career accomplishments


    The Rolling Stones began as a cover band in Great Britain playing Blues and early rock’n'roll covers. Their first recordings reflect this. “I Just Want to Make Love to You,” “Not Fade Away,” “Little Queenie,” “Carol” and “It’s All Over Now” are all American cover songs. Andrew Loog Oldham became The Stones first manager and inspired Jagger, Richards and Jones to write songs. Jones was unable to contribute meaningfully, and Jagger and Richards became the primary songwriters. “The Last Time” was the first song Jagger and Richards took to the band to record under their own names. Nanker Phelge was a pseudonym created by Jagger and Richards to publish songs they wrote and recorded but wanted to sidestep publishing agreements to which they were obligated as Jagger/Richards.


    Although Brian Jones was a hapless songwriter, he contributed significantly in the studio. He was a multi-instrumentalist and has been cited by Richards and Jagger in interviews as a significant contributor to how songs like “Under My Thumb,” “Paint It Black,” and “Ruby Tuesday” were recorded.


    Mick Jagger began to attract attention in Britain and the United States. His on-stage persona developed from stiff school boy to a dancing, prancing, ambisexual, drunken, shotgun Weimar Republic nightclub singer who either immediately attracted or repulsed viewers. Jagger’s development made Richards a stronger guitarist and songwriter.




    Solo recordings


    During the late 1980s, Richards resolved to outlast musically the fickle Mick Jagger —a man he began to call “Brenda”—and formed a band called Organized Crime. The band evolved out of work on The Stones’ poorly received 1986 album, Dirty Work, and the Taylor Hackford film Hail! Hail! Rock and Roll!. The motion picture was a blend of live concert, back stage documentary, and personality conflict which celebrated the 60th birthday of Chuck Berry, one of Richards’ musical heroes.


    The new band, replacing the old name with Keith Richards and the X-pensive Winos, formed with Steve Jordan, Sarah Dash, Waddy Wachtel and Ivan Neville, recorded with Los Angeles funk producer Bernie Worrell during 1987-1988 in LA, New York and Montreal. In the fall of 1988, Virgin Records released the critically acclaimed, albeit popularly slighted album, Talk is Cheap. It spawned a brief but memorable tour through the U.S., playing classic rooms like the Fox Theatre in Detroit, as well as the Hollywood Palladium on Sunset Strip. In late 1991 Virgin released the concert as Live At the Hollywood Palladium.


    Richards’ solo work reignited The Stones. The Steel Wheels album and the group’s most successful world tour to date quickly followed Richards’ solo adventure. Although Talk is Cheap produced no Top 40 hits, and went only gold, it has remained a consistent seller, and a vivid reminder of how large a contributor Richards has been to The Rolling Stones. In 1992 Main Offender was released, and the Winos and Keith toured further, reaching North and South America as well as Europe. Although the X-Pensive Winos are often rumoured as being due for a revival, Richards’ solo recordings are fewer than Jagger’s, Charlie Watts‘, and even Ronnie Wood‘s.


    Richards’ unique vocal style graced country legend’s George Jones Bradley Barn Sessions (“Say it’s not You”), a Hank Williams tribute album Timeless (“You Win Again”) and Hubert Sumlin’s About Them Shoes (lead vocal on “Still A Fool”) in recent years. The posthumous release in 2001 of John Phillips’ second solo recording Pay, Pack & Follow, consisting of tracks recorded between 1973 through 1979, features Keith’s magnetic guitar work on all nine tracks, as well as his picture on the cover and CD insert material. In the early 1990s Richards recorded a group of Jamaican Rastafarians, The Wingless Angels, on his Jamaican estate. He released the recordings under his own record label, Mindless Records, and in 2004 remastered the recording and re-released it.




    What makes his music special


    Richards’ guitar style evolved over the life of The Stones. In the 1960s, greatly influenced by Chuck Berry, he played a traditional, but distinctive, rhythm guitar in counterpoint to the more flamboyant lead style of Brian Jones (who once gave Richards guitar lessons). His teaming with Mick Taylor, the replacement for Jones who was fired in 1969, is considered by many the high point of The Stones’ musical career. Three albums made in this period, Let it Bleed, Sticky Fingers & Exile on Main Street, along with Beggars Banquet represent the musical highpoints of The Stones’ recorded canon.


    Strongly influenced by the work of Ry Cooder, Richards developed his trademark playing style in the 5-string open G tuning (GDGBD, with the 6th low E string removed, or as he has it, “5 strings, 3 notes, 2 fingers and one arsehole to play it”) during this period. Songs which typify his open-G style include “Honky Tonk Women,” “Brown Sugar” and “Start Me Up.” Richards has made clear that he considers the years he has played with Ron Wood (1975 – date), in a style of mixed lead and rhythm playing which has been termed “the ancient art of weaving,” as his most musically satisfying.


    Richards contributed harmony to every Stones album, and had lead vocals on a track on almost every album since Let it Bleed. “Happy” from Exile on Main Street charted as a single in the United States as high as number 22, in 1972. From the country twang of “The Worst” to the piano pleadings of “Sleep Tonight”, and reggae feel of “You Don’t Have to Mean It” Richards has carved himself an original and well received place on all The Rolling Stones records.


    Richards is often seen playing a Fender Telecaster although he has used a wide variety of instruments including Gibson Les Paul and Gibson ES-335 models, and Music Man Silhouettes. His main Telecaster is allegedly called “Micawber”. He often plugs into Fender Twin and Bassman amplifiers, and has used various other amplification including Marshall[1], Vox[2]and Boogie[3].




    Public image and private life



    Photo by Sante D'Orazio, from Talk is Cheap album art work. 1988.

    Enlarge
    Photo by Sante D’Orazio, from Talk is Cheap album art work. 1988.

    Richards is best known publically for his drug habit and not his songwriting or music. Richards and The Stones cultivated a decadent and counter-culture image during the 1960s and ’70s, and Richards’ frank admission that he used narcotics often made him a poster-boy for teens and adults who sought refuge in, as Keith sings in Before They Make Me Run, “booze and pills and powders.” In a famous 1971 Rolling Stone magazine interview he discussed his drug use. Ten years later, in another Rolling Stone magazine interview he expressed little regret about the heroin habit that almost destroyed his life and music career. To this day Richards wears a bracelet which resembles a pair of handcuffs as a reminder he never wishes to be arrested again. Perhaps also appropriate, is that he wears a Totenkopf ring which was a gift from a friend and New York Jeweler, (portraying a human skull without a jaw), although he has said publicly that it represents “beauty is only skin deep.”


    Two famous arrests came ten years apart, one in 1967 with Jagger and friends at Redlands, Richards’ Surrey estate, which placed him in custody and trial before the courts of public opinion and of Her Majesty’s. Although the conviction was quashed after two days of imprisonment, Richards’ famous testimony regarding England’s “petty morals” made him a target for establishment backlash.


    However, there was a more ominous, serious and life-changing arrest in February 1977 at Toronto‘s Harbour Castle Hotel (Regina v. Richards). Registered at the hotel under the pseudonym ‘Redlands’, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (or Mounties) arrested Richards for heroin and cocaine possession and charged him with importing narcotics, an offence with a minimum sentence of seven years in prison according to the Criminal Code of Canada. For the next three years he lived under threat of criminal sanction as he sought medical treatment in the U.S. for heroin addiction. During this period The Rolling Stones released their biggest selling album (8 million copies) Some Girls. which included their last North American Number 1 pop chart single, “Miss You.” After the Ontario Court of Appeal upheld Richards’ original sentence- the somewhat unorthodox charity concert at an Oshawa hockey arena (a concert attendees remember as being thick with marijuana smoke) Keith emerged healthy and in love with a young New York model.



     Richards and Hansen, photo courtesy Launch Music www.launch.yahoo.com

    Enlarge
    Richards and Hansen, photo courtesy Launch Music www.launch.yahoo.com

    Patti Hansen was a top fashion model when they met, and has since starred in Hard to Hold, a Rick Springfield film, in 1984. She and Richards married in 1983. They have two daughters, Theodora and Alexandra, who have followed their mother into modelling. Richards also has a son Marlon, and another daughter, Angela (nee Dandelion), from his relationship with Anita Pallenberg. He has never distanced himself from the mother of his first three children (one baby died in infancy). He often refers to having two wives, in the traditional sense of Rastafarian polygamy, although he never officially married Pallenberg —the former girlfriend of Brian Jones, and actress in Performance and Barbarella.




    “Which way to go – I don’t know”


    What the future holds for The Rolling Stones and Keith Richards is unpredictable. In 2004, it was announced that Richards would appear in the upcoming sequel to the movie Pirates of the Caribbean. He will play the character of Captain Jack Sparrow’s (Johnny Depp‘s) dad. Depp had previously said that he loosely based the appearance and mannerisms for this Academy Award-nominated performance on Richards.


    In September 2005, A Bigger Bang, a full length collection of new studio material will be released by the Rolling Stones in support of the On Stage World Tour. Two of the new sixteen songs, “This Place Is Empty” and “Infamy” have Richards on lead vocal. Health issues for members of the band have been a serious concern in recent years. Richards has spoken in the media about trouble he has had with his fingers. As new media release photos shot in 2005 may very well indicate, Richards may suffer from arthritis. Charlie Watts is officially a cancer survivor, beating a diagnosis of throat cancer in 2004. Nevertheless, besides the new material, the Stones have a substantial and often bootlegged collection of unreleased material; many songs feature Richards as lead singer. Famous bootlegs include the Tammy Wynette track “Apartment No. 9,” accompanied only by Ian Stewart on piano, which was recorded in the stranded, passport-confiscated months in Toronto after his arrest.




    Solo discography



    (See The Rolling Stones article for their discography )




    Notable contributions



    • About Them Shoes Hubert Sumlin (2004) “Still A Fool”
    • Pay, Pack & Follow (Recorded 1973-1979, released 2001) John Phillips – Album Co-Producer
    • Timeless: Tribute to Hank Williams (2001) – “You Win Again”
    • Wingless Angels (1993) – Album Producer
    • Bradley Barn Sessions (1993) George Jones – Duet on “Say It Isn’t You”
    • Hail! Hail! Rock’n'Roll (1987) Soundtrack of Chuck Berry concert film.
    • Jumpin’ Jack Flash (1986) Soundtrack (on film) – Producer on Aretha Franklin‘s version of the title song
    • “Sun City, Artists United Against Apartheid” (1985) – Performed on “Silver and Gold” with Bono and The Edge of U2
    • “Run Rudolph Run” (1979) Christmas single



    External links





  • Ryan Donnell for The New York Times

    Transplants: Back row, from left: Matthew Izzo, Michael Anderer, Mark Ax, Rob Eich, Daniel Matz, Anna Neighbor, Kendra Gaeta and Laris Kreslins. Front row: Toko Yasuda, John Schmersal, Laura Watt, Clark Thompson, Gus Thompson and Lydia Thompson. These former New Yorkers were at the Rag Flats home of Ms. Watt and Mr. Thompson.


     



    Ryan Donnell for The New York Times

    The Khyber, a rock club in the Old City neighborhood.

    August 14, 2005
    Philadelphia Story: The Next Borough
    By JESSICA PRESSLER
    PHILADELPHIA

    WEARING a Paul Green School of Rock T-shirt, his bangs plastered to his forehead in the summer heat, Laris Kreslins pulled in front of a handsome brownstone on Rittenhouse Square, the priciest neighborhood in the city, and hopped out of his car.

    “We’re going to show you what a real Philly apartment looks like,” he said, unlocking the door to reveal a spacious one-bedroom flat sparsely decorated with CD’s and copies of music magazines. “As you can see, it has hardwood floors, lots of light and very high ceilings,” he said. Then Mr. Kreslins paused and delivered what he knew would be the kicker: “Rent is $800 a month. Heat and electricity included.”

    Mr. Kreslins isn’t selling real estate. He’s selling Philadelphia. The publisher of Arthur, a free arts and culture magazine, Mr. Kreslins, 30, lived in a tiny apartment in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, before leaving New York two years ago and ending up in Philadelphia, where he and his girlfriend, Kendra Gaeta, 30, another Brooklynite, bought a four-bedroom house close to the Philadelphia Museum of Art in March and promptly started a Web site, movetophilly.com.

    The site, designed to lure 20- and 30-something singles and couples to the city, features a sultry caricature of Patti LaBelle, a longtime resident, who entreats visitors to e-mail for the kind of tour Mr. Kreslins was recently holding, taking visitors to a thrift store, a Polish butcher and his friend Brendan’s apartment.

    Philadelphians occasionally refer to their city – somewhat deprecatingly – as the “sixth borough” of New York, and with almost 8,000 commuters making the 75-minute train ride between the cities each weekday, the label seems not far off the mark. But Mr. Kreslins and Ms. Gaeta are a new breed of Philadelphia-bound commuters, those who come from New York by train or the popular Chinatown bus for a weekend and then come back, with a U-Haul, to stay.

    They are the first wave of what could be called Philadelphia’s Brooklynization.

    Hard numbers assessing exactly how many new residents are from New York are not available, but real estate brokers are noting an influx of prospective buyers and renters from the city; club owners and restaurant employees have spotted newcomers, on both sides of the bar; and “everyone knows someone who’s moved here from New York,” said Paul Levy, the executive director of the Center City District, a business improvement group, and himself a former Brooklyn resident.

    Attracted by a thriving arts and music scene here and a cost of living that is 37 percent lower than New York’s, according to city figures, a significant number of youngish artists, musicians, restaurateurs and designers are leaving New York City and heading down the turnpike for the same reasons they once moved to Brooklyn from Manhattan.

    “We got priced out of Manhattan, and we moved to Brooklyn,” said John Schmersal, 32, of the three-member band Enon; two of them migrated here in January. “Then we got priced out of Brooklyn. Now we’re in Philadelphia.”

    On a recent Friday night Mr. Schmersal and his girlfriend, Toko Yasuda, were huddled at the bar at the Khyber, a smoky rock institution in the nightclub-heavy Old City neighborhood, a Colonial area of narrow streets bordering the Delaware River east of City Hall, to see Love as Laughter, a New York City band. “We like going to shows here,” Mr. Schmersal said. “In New York there are so many people, it’s impossible to even get in to see hot bands.”

    Much less be in a band. “For years I was willing to sacrifice quality of life for artistic fulfillment – you know, you find a circle of artists and you scrape by,” said Anna Neighbor, a 27-year-old bass player and Williamsburg exile, between sips of Yuengling lager at a bar in the Northern Liberties neighborhood, an artists’ enclave north of City Hall. In January Ms. Neighbor and her husband, Daniel Matz, and Jason McNeely, all members of the indie rock band Windsor for the Derby, decided to leave Brooklyn.

    Ms. Neighbor and Mr. Matz discovered Fishtown, a gentrifying blue-collar neighborhood adjacent to Northern Liberties, where, in the last five years, youthful faces with bed head have made their way among the traditionally Irish Catholic residents. They found a three-bedroom row house for $170,000.

    “New York is mythologically all about vibrancy and creativity, but it’s hard to work a 40-hour week and come home and be Jackson Pollock,” said Mr. Matz, 32, a guitarist. He said that by living in Philadelphia he could support himself teaching public school and devote the rest of his time to his band.

    A few blocks away from Ms. Neighbor’s house live Laura Watt, a 38-year-old painter, and her husband, Clark Thompson, 38, a financial services technician who left his Manhattan-based bank for one in Philadelphia a year ago. They settled in a three-level condominium in a new housing development called Rag Flats in Fishtown with their two children, Gus and Lydia. At $439,000 it was pricier than any of the block’s three-story row houses, but with three bedrooms, each with an outdoor deck; solar heat and electricity; a rooftop with spectacular views; and a dumbwaiter going down to the kitchen, they thought it was worth it.

    “Philadelphia reminds me a lot of what Brooklyn used to be like,” said Ms. Watt, who had lived in Brooklyn and Westchester County for 15 years.

    Fifteen or 20 years ago, the idea of Philadelphia as a place to go for quality life would have been laughable to many people, even to Philadelphians. Sandwiched between New York and Washington, Philadelphia was a flyover city – trainover really – a place where a mayor had ordered the bombing of a neighborhood and where Eagles fans reveled in booing their own team, its chief popular exports cheese steaks and “Rocky.” While Philadelphia’s rich cultural history, like its art museum, its symphony orchestra and its Colonial architecture, gave the city establishment credentials, it did not produce much of an avant-garde.

    “The Philadelphia market was really provincial,” said Steven Lowy, who opened a gallery in Philadelphia in 1984 but fled back to Manhattan three years later.

    Lately the city has stepped up its efforts to woo people back, in part by trying to position Center City as “young and hip and cool,” said Meryl Levitz, the president of the Greater Philadelphia Tourism and Marketing Corporation, who regularly holds lunches at which she tells the New York media, “We’re closer than the Hamptons!”

    The campaign had a boost last month when Forbes magazine named Philadelphia No. 12 on its list of best cities for singles (out of 40), a jump from No. 15 a year ago. In 2004 tourists in Philadelphia numbered 25.5 million, an increase of 41 percent in the last five years, and though the city had been losing residents – especially young ones – steadily since the 1950′s, when it had 2.07 million people, the population of the city, the nation’s fifth-largest, has leveled off at 1.5 million in the last four years.

    A government plan to provide the city with free wireless Internet access has as yet gone unrealized, but the national publicity surrounding it has given Philadelphia a progressive image, as has a marketing campaign by the tourism bureau, started in 2003 to attract gay tourists. That tagline was “Get your history straight and your nightlife gay.”

    “There’s a big gay clientele coming down here,” said Michael McCann, a real estate agent with Prudential Fox and Roach, who also said he has seen a “significant increase” in buyers from Manhattan and has worked with “a ton” of “single people and couples between 28 and 43″ from Brooklyn.

    Often they move to start the kind of business they had in New York. Danuta Mieloch, 39, an owner of Rescue Rittenhouse Spa, who administered body scrubs to celebrities at Paul Labrecque on the Upper East Side before moving to Philadelphia to start her own place, is an example. Jose Garces, 33, a former chef at Chicama and Pipa in Gramercy Park, will open Amada, a tapas restaurant in Old City, in September. Matthew Izzo, 35, and his business partner, Mark Ax, 35, defected from New York design firms to start their own home and design boutiques, the Matthew Izzo shops.

    “It’s just so much more workable here,” Mr. Izzo said. “It’s smaller and more manageable.” And Lindsay Berman, 27, who left a marketing job at the Showtime network in Manhattan, is waiting tables part time at Jones, a 70′s throwback diner in Center City, while she gets her T-shirt line, Dirty Old Shirt, off the ground.

    Not that everyone is committed for life. Some “can’t give up their Brooklyn phone numbers,” said Heather Murphy Monteith, a dancer who runs a disco for toddlers. She has noticed 718 and 917 area codes popping up on the contact sheets.

    Some keep more than just their digits: Mitzi Wong, 36, a buyer for the Philadelphia-based trend mecca Anthropologie, bought a “Jane Austen-like” row house in Society Hill, the historic Philadelphia neighborhood, but she is keeping her East Village apartment for weekends.

    Lee Daniels, a native Philadelphian and producer of the film “Monster’s Ball,” rents in Harlem but bought a luxury apartment on the Delaware riverfront. “So many people are moving here,” Mr. Daniels said. “People just fall in love with it.”

    Many of the things that were once deterring about Philadelphia have also been turned around. The recent lifting of archaic building ordinances and a 10-year tax abatement on new construction means that blighted factories and brownstones are now being converted, many into luxury apartments, and new buildings are going up in place of weed-filled lots. Bring-your-own restaurants, born out of Pennsylvania’s Puritan liquor restrictions, have become a charming hallmark of Center City.

    Philadelphia still has its share of urban blight: It ranks higher than New York in homelessness, crime and poverty. It maintains a high position in the Men’s Health list of America’s Fattest Cities each year, and, as New Yorkers often complain, you would be hard-pressed to find much open after 2 a.m. But the renaissance in real estate and restaurants has aligned with the city’s music scene, which runs the gamut of cool.

    In a recent conversation Nick Sylvester, who covers Philadelphia music for The Village Voice and Pitchfork Media, an online music magazine, mentions diverse acts like the indie rockers Dr. Dog and Man Man, Beanie Sigel’s State Property crew, and D.J.’s Diplo and Dave Pianka.

    “Philly’s decidedly anti-scene, and that appeals to a lot of musicians that move there,” he said. “They can actually do their own thing.”

    There are art shows of international renown, like the Salvador Dalí show at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the spring, and shows by quirky collectives like Space 1026 in Chinatown, which recently housed an installation made with Cheez-Its. All of which has collided with a peculiar cultural moment in which uncool is the new cool, in which blue-collar scrappiness and a surfeit of fried-meat specialties now seems endearingly kitschy.

    At least one developer is banking on the hope that Philadelphia’s appeal is not just a fleeting fad. On a vast tract of land in Northern Liberties, an area once notable for hate crimes and heroin availability, a 50-year-old former shopping center developer named Bart Blatstein is building a $100 million development. Scheduled for completion in 2007, it will have 1,000 apartments, half a million square feet of ground-floor retail space and 100,000 square feet of industrial-chic office space, all of which Mr. Blatstein says will be offered at reduced rents to “edgy, creative types.” The project is seeking New Yorkers. (Mr. Blatstein’s company, Tower Properties, plans to advertise both in The Village Voice and on New York’s Craigslist.) “We want it to be a cross between Williamsburg and SoHo,” he said.

    But Mr. Lowy, of Portico gallery in SoHo, is skeptical about the long-run chances for young artists: “The quality of life is pretty good but many of those artists probably won’t stay. Can you get an art dealer to come to your studio when you’re in Philly? Sure, you have time to make more art, but there’s no one to buy it.”

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  • Richards and Depp are pirate pals

    ALLAN HALL
    JOHNNY Depp may have lampooned Rolling Stone Keith Richards’ drug-addled manner when he played Captain Jack Sparrow in Pirates of the Caribbean, but the two celebrities are now “good buddies”.
    Richards, 61, who is to take the part of Sparrow’s father in a sequel to the film, said they had teamed up in pirate costumes to amuse his grandchildren.

    In an interview, the former heroin addict also explained the origins of the urban myth that he regularly has all his blood removed and replaced with a fresh supply at a clinic in Switzerland and spoke of the effect the 9/11 terrorist attacks had had on his family.
    Depp previously revealed that he had copied Richards’ body language for his role in Pirates of the Caribbean.
    But Richards appears to have enjoyed the joke and said Depp was now a firm friend. “Johnny is a good buddy,” he said.
    “Recently, he visited me with a set of Disney pirate costumes and we disguised ourselves one afternoon and had a hell of a fun time. One of my grandkids thinks I am full-time pirate.”
    Richards, who once drank two bottles of whisky a day, said he was amused by the tale of his full-body blood transfusions and explained he appeared to have inadvertently started it.
    “It is a super legend – and just as long-lived as I am. But it is rubbish,” he said.
    “Once, I was at Heathrow Airport on my way to Switzerland for treatment for heroin addiction. I met some youngsters who asked me where I was going. I said to Switzerland to exchange my blood. They didn’t understand me, obviously.”
    Richards lives in Connecticut and was in New York at the time of the attacks on the World Trade Centre. “On 11 September, I was literally around the corner,” he said. “My grandchildren go to school past the World Trade Centre. Fortunately, they are genuine Richards, which means they were reliably, totally late.
    “They still were on the street when the first airplane came, and watched how it smashed into the tower.
    “In the weeks afterwards, my house became a kind of five-star rock ‘n’ roll refugee camp. Some of Mick’s children came, also because some of their things were all burned. It was a bad time. All this has left a noticeable impression in the American psyche. But life must go on … you can’t simply give up.”
    Richards said he was keen to avoid involvement in politics and distanced himself from the new Rolling Stones song Sweet Neo Con – short for neo-conservative – whose lyrics were Mick Jagger’s idea.
    The record is making waves in the US, with one verse referring to Mr Bush thus: “You call yourself a Christian/I call you a hypocrite/You call yourself a patriot/Well, I think you are full of s***/How come you’re so wrong/My sweet neo-con.”
    Richards told the German news magazine Der Spiegel: “The song grew out of Mick’s head. There have been political songs of the Stones in the past – take Street Fighting Man or Sweet Black Angel. Mick was keen to write Sweet Neo Con, me less so. I repeat what I said to Mick: politics are exciting, but in rock ‘n’ roll songs, it’s my opinion that it counts for nothing – it does not fit.
    “I do not want to play to party programmes on my guitar. That is tedious. But it is also no taboo, and for Mick it was important; I went through with it because we are a team.”
    Richards said there was none of the earlier animosity between him and Jagger.
    “Perhaps it’s because we’re getting milder in old age and, I don’t like to say it, have grown up.
    “Last year, Charlie Watts had treatment for cancer and it wasn’t clear how it would turn out. One day I said to Mick, ‘Maybe we are the last two originals of this band’. One became very thoughtful. But fortunately the thing with Charlie went very well and everything is running as it should.”


  • Fred R. Conrad/The New York Times

    August 17, 2005
    Biking Toward Nowhere
    By MAUREEN DOWD

    How could President Bush be cavorting around on a long vacation with American troops struggling with a spiraling crisis in Iraq?

    Wasn’t he worried that his vacation activities might send a frivolous signal at a time when he had put so many young Americans in harm’s way?

    “I’m determined that life goes on,” Mr. Bush said stubbornly.

    That wasn’t the son, believe it or not. It was the father – 15 years ago. I was in Kennebunkport then to cover the first President Bush’s frenetic attempts to relax while reporters were pressing him about how he could be taking a month to play around when he had started sending American troops to the Persian Gulf only three days before.

    On Saturday, the current President Bush was pressed about how he could be taking five weeks to ride bikes and nap and fish and clear brush even though his occupation of Iraq had become a fiasco. “I think it’s also important for me to go on with my life,” W. said, “to keep a balanced life.”

    Pressed about how he could ride his bike while refusing to see a grieving mom of a dead soldier who’s camped outside his ranch, he added: “So I’m mindful of what goes on around me. On the other hand, I’m also mindful that I’ve got a life to live and will do so.”

    Ah, the insensitivity of reporters who ask the President Bushes how they can expect to deal with Middle East fighting while they’re off fishing.

    The first President Bush told us that he kept a telephone in his golf cart and his cigarette boat so he could easily stay on top of Saddam’s invasion of Kuwait. But at least he seemed worried that he was sending the wrong signal, as his boating and golfing was juxtaposed on the news with footage of the frightened families of troops leaving for the Middle East.

    “I just don’t like taking questions on serious matters on my vacation,” the usually good-natured Bush senior barked at reporters on the golf course. “So I hope you’ll understand if I, when I’m recreating, will recreate.” His hot-tempered oldest son, who was golfing with his father that day, was even more irritated. “Hey! Hey!” W. snapped at reporters asking questions on the first tee. “Can’t you wait until we finish hitting, at least?”

    Junior always had his priorities straight.

    As W.’s neighbors get in scraps with the antiwar forces coalescing around the ranch; as the Pentagon tries to rustle up updated armor for our soldiers, who are still sitting ducks in the third year of the war; as the Iraqi police we train keep getting blown up by terrorists, who come right back every time U.S. troops beat them up; as Shiites working on the Iraqi constitution conspire with Iran about turning Iraq into an Islamic state that represses women; and as Iraq hurtles toward a possible civil war, W. seems far more oblivious than his father was with his Persian Gulf crisis.

    This president is in a truly scary place in Iraq. Americans can’t get out, or they risk turning the country into a terrorist haven that will make the old Afghanistan look like Cipriani’s. Yet his war, which has not accomplished any of its purposes, swallows ever more American lives and inflames ever more Muslim hearts as W. reads a book about the history of salt and looks forward to his biking date with Lance Armstrong on Saturday.

    The son wanted to go into Iraq to best his daddy in the history books, by finishing what Bush senior started. He swept aside the warnings of Brent Scowcroft and Colin Powell and didn’t bother to ask his father’s advice. Now he is caught in the very trap his father said he feared: that America would get bogged down as “an occupying power in a bitterly hostile land,” facing a possibly “barren” outcome.

    It turns out that the people of Iraq have ethnic and religious identities, not a national identity. Shiites and Kurds want to suppress the Sunnis who once repressed them and break off into their own states, smashing the Bush model kitchen of democracy.

    At long last, a senior Bush official admits that administration officials can no longer cling to their own version of reality. “We are in a process of absorbing the factors of the situation we’re in and shedding the unreality that dominated at the beginning,” the official told The Washington Post.

    They had better start absorbing and shedding a lot faster, before many more American kids die to create a pawn of Iran. And they had better tell the Boy in the Bubble, who continues to dwell in delusion, hailing the fights and delays on the Iraqi constitution as “a tribute to democracy.”

    The president’s pedaling as fast as he can, but he’s going nowhere.

    E-mail: liberties@nytimes.com

    Thomas L. Friedman is on vacation.

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  • Testosterone: Will It Keep You Young Forever?






    Published on: December 24, 2003   






    By Christine Haran

    Up until World War II, advertisements for “slow-baked testes” ran in popular magazines. Ingesting these carefully prepared animal gonads was guaranteed to restore potency and youth. Although these ads may seem laughable now, the American market continues to be flooded with unproven products designed to keep people looking and feeling young.

    Almost 2 million prescriptions for testosterone were written in 2002, which marked a 30 percent increase from the previous year. Although the reason for the increase isn’t clear, some are now wondering if testosterone replacement therapy is being marketed as another fountain-of-youth product.

    Testosterone therapy is currently Food and Drug Administration–approved for men with hypogonadism, which is a condition marked by very low testosterone levels. But more and more middle-aged and older men who do not have hypogonadism are being prescribed testosterone to combat symptoms of aging, such as loss of strength, irritability and diminished sexual desire and performance.

    A National Institutes of Medicine (IOM) committee recently released a report on what kinds of studies need to be done to evaluate testosterone’s risk and benefits in older men who may have low testosterone but are not hypogonadal. The panel was created, in part, to avoid the confusion that surrounded the use of hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women.

    “We know very little about what testosterone therapy may be good and not good for,” says Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, MD, an IOM committee member and the chief of the division of epidemiology at the University of California, San Diego. “We were concerned that we might have a situation like hormone replacement therapy where everyone assumed there were all of these benefits and few risks.”

    Hormone replacement therapy was prescribed to millions of postmenopausal women before a long-term, randomized study had been done. When a randomized study, the Women’s Health Initiative, was completed, it revealed that many of the presumed benefits, such as reduced risk of heart attack, did not exist. In fact, heart attack risk even increased slightly in women taking hormone replacement therapy.

    Unlike women, who experience a rapid drop in estrogen levels around age 50, men’s testosterone levels usually begin a gradual decline around age 30. Some endocrinologists describe the transition as “andropause.” Due to lower levels of testosterone, men may experience decreased muscle and bone mass, increased fat, mood swings and depression, and erectile dysfunction

    Studies of men with hypogonadism have found that testosterone replacement therapy, which can now be administered via a patch or gel, is associated with positive effects on mood and libido and energy, as well as improvements in bone density. It has also been linked to an increase in lean body mass and a decrease in body fat. Yet studies have found that testosterone therapy is also associated with a decrease in HDL cholesterol, or “good cholesterol,” and an increased risk of prostate cancer.

    It’s not clear if the benefits observed in these studies will be seen in aging men with low testosterone levels who are not hypogonadal. In order to determine if testosterone therapy is appropriate in these men, the IOM committee concluded that series of small but coordinated studies of men aged 65 and older needed to be done to first establish the therapy’s benefits in this population. These studies would examine testosterone’s impact on strength, cognitive function, sexual function, well-being and quality of life.

    Dr. Barrett-Connor says that short-term studies should bring medicine closer to figuring out whether testosterone replacement therapy is a safe option for certain older men. “We have no where near the basic science to do a medium-sized trial but this therapy is already out of the barn and people are using it,” she says. “Coordinated small studies are a good compromise that will allow us to design a bigger study, if it looks like that’s appropriate. If it doesn’t, then we’ll have saved people a lot of money and possibly risk.”

    Testosterone therapy researcher Alvin M. Matsumoto, MD, a professor of medicine at the University of Washington School of Medicine and associate director at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System in Seattle, says until the study results are in, doctors will have to use their judgment when deciding whether to recommend testosterone therapy to a patient with low testosterone who is not necessarily hypogonadal.

    “Doctors should inform patients of the risks and benefits and engage them in a dialogue,” Dr. Matsumoto says. “Someone who has a history of prostate cancer may not elect to do the therapy. While another person experiencing poor energy, mood swings, fractures and reduced muscles strength may take the potential risk…In the absence of data, you have to make a decision to the best of your knowledge.”


    © 2005 Healthology, Inc.


  • Ruth Fremson/The New York Times

    The University of North Carolina Medical Center is one of several hospitals taking steps to make patients feel less dehumanized.

    August 16, 2005
    In the Hospital, a Degrading Shift From Person to Patient
    By BENEDICT CAREY

    Mary Duffy was lying in bed half-asleep on the morning after her breast cancer surgery in February when a group of white-coated strangers filed into her hospital room.

    Without a word, one of them – a man – leaned over Ms. Duffy, pulled back her blanket, and stripped her nightgown from her shoulders.

    Weak from the surgery, Ms. Duffy, 55, still managed to exclaim, “Well, good morning,” a quiver of sarcasm in her voice.

    But the doctor ignored her. He talked about carcinomas and circled her bed like a presenter at a lawnmower trade show, while his audience, a half-dozen medical students in their 20′s, stared at Ms. Duffy’s naked body with detached curiosity, she said.

    After what seemed an eternity, the doctor abruptly turned to face her.

    “Have you passed gas yet?” he asked.

    “Those are his first words to me, in front of everyone,” said Ms. Duffy, who runs a food service business near San Jose, Calif.

    “I tell him, ‘No, I don’t do that until the third date,’ ” she said. “And he looks at me like he’s offended, like I’m not holding up my end of the bargain.”

    Entering the medical system, whether a hospital, a nursing home or a clinic, is often degrading. At the hospital where Ms. Duffy was a patient and at many others the small courtesies that help lubricate and dignify civil society are neglected precisely when they are needed most, when people are feeling acutely cut off from others and betrayed by their own bodies.

    Larger trends in medicine have made it increasingly difficult to deliver such social niceties, experts say. Many hospital budgets are tight, and nurses are spread thin: shortages are running at 15 percent to 20 percent in some areas of the country. Average hospital stays have also shortened in recent years, making it harder for patients to build any rapport with staff, or vice versa.

    Some hospitals have worked to address patients’ most serious grievances. But in interviews and surveys, people who have recently received medical care say that even when they benefit from the expertise of first-rate doctors, they often feel resentful, helpless and dehumanized in the process.

    In a nationwide survey of more than 2,000 adults published last fall, 55 percent of those surveyed said they were dissatisfied with the quality of health care, up from 44 percent in 2000; and 40 percent said the quality of care had gotten worse in the last five years. The survey was conducted by Harvard University, the federal Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Kaiser Family Foundation, an independent nonprofit health care research group.

    “The point is that when they talk about quality of health care, patients mean something entirely different than experts do,” said Dr. Drew Altman, president of the Kaiser Foundation. “They’re not talking about numbers or outcomes but about their own human experience, which is a combination of cost, paperwork and what I’ll call the hassle factor, the impersonal nature of the care.”

    Loss of Identity

    It is practically a patient’s birthright to complain about arrogant doctors, foul hospital food and the sadistic night nurse. These are real problems at some places, and since at least the early 1980′s, medical schools and hospitals have worked to solve them, giving doctors classes in bedside manner and including patient representatives on staff, among other things.

    Yet the deeper psychological transformation from citizen to patient that occurs in almost any medical setting can be more jarring, and anthropologists say it begins immediately at admission.

    A clerk, often distracted, often sitting behind glass, hands out confusing forms that demand detailed personal information. The newly designated “patient” then strips to underwear and puts on a flimsy hospital gown, open at the back, a humiliating uniform that often bears the name of the institution.

    The psychological dynamics of this identity change have evolved little since the 1950′s, when the sociologist Erving Goffman detailed the depredations of life inside a mental institution in his classic book, “Asylums.”

    After a patient’s admission, Dr. Goffman observed, a kind of psychological contamination occurs. In normal life, people can keep intimate things like ailments, thoughts and their bodies to themselves. In an institution like a hospital, “these territories of the self are violated,” he wrote. “The boundary that the individual places between his being and the environment is invaded and the embodiments of the self profaned.”

    Sandra Ramundt, 52, felt this so deeply that she decided to break out of the hospital while recovering from brain surgery last year.

    Ms. Ramundt’s room was private – she paid extra for that, she said – but despite her expectations, staff members came and went without knocking and rarely closed the door, and the hallway noise was relentless.

    Despite repeated requests, no one cleared away the scattering of French fries left by the previous occupant, she said, and sometimes, unwitting attendants would leave her bedside phone just out of reach.

    On the night after surgery to remove a tumor, Ms. Ramundt said she lay in mute agony. The emergency call-button was attached to a retractable railing on her bed, which was in the down position, also out of reach. She fell to the floor reaching for the button and lay there for a long time, she said; a friend found her and helped her back into bed.

    When, weeks later, Ms. Ramundt had the strength to move, she disconnected her I.V., dressed, stole off the hospital premises and bought herself lunch. She ate it at a neighboring park, before returning to the hospital.

    The outside lunches became a routine.

    “I did it because I could, and because, to be honest, I was concerned about losing my mind,” said Ms. Ramundt, who lives in Los Angeles and is a nurse. “There’s this overwhelming sense being a patient of having no boundaries, no privacy, no control over anything, and you feel so awful you can’t do anything about it.”

    At least Ms. Ramundt had some idea how hospitals work, and she could eventually advocate for herself without feeling that she was being unreasonable. Others have found that even minimal objections win them a reputation for being difficult.

    Michael Sieverts, a cooking instructor in Santa Monica, Calif., who had brain surgery in 2001, said that one of the most awkward moments during his care was when a nurse tried to insert an intravenous line in preparation for radiation treatment.

    At the time, Mr. Sieverts had not yet decided he wanted radiation, he said, and he needed time to research the treatment. Yet in refusing to allow the insertion of the intravenous line, “it was clear that I was putting the nurse into a terrible predicament,” he said in an e-mail message.

    “She had been sent in to do a job, and she was going to come out of the room having failed,” he added. “At that moment, I became a ‘bad patient.’ “

    The Psychology of Illness

    Even when doctors, nurses and nurses’ aides take care to treat people more graciously, as they often do, the patient may have a vastly different perception of the service.

    In the winter of 1998, Jeanne Kennedy, then the chief patient representative at the Stanford Hospital and Clinics, in Palo Alto, Calif., broke her knee cap rushing to a meeting. A member of her staff wheeled her to the employee health department, where a nurse practitioner she had worked with for years began arranging for her care. But the nurse spoke to the woman pushing the wheelchair and ignored Ms. Kennedy.

    “It was crazy,” she said. “Here I was in my own hospital, hurt but perfectly capable, and she’s being very professional but she’s talking over my head as if I were a child. And we worked together. She knew me!”

    Ms. Kennedy, who retired from Stanford University hospitals in December after more than 25 years and now speaks to health care groups, said injury and illness make people more likely to perceive slights than when they are healthy. “Even if the nurse says, ‘Sure, I’ll go get that,’ and does so promptly, it can sound rude to the patient in this vulnerable condition,” she said.

    This vulnerability, many patients say, makes noises seem louder, time seem to slow down and anything that is less than indulgent compassion feel like coldness.

    People who have had chronic pain know this dynamic intimately. For a nurse responding to a request for pain medication, appearing five minutes later may seem a prompt response. For the patient, the same minutes may seem a purgatory, or even a kind of punishment, into which a desperate mind can project its worst fears.

    “When you are in rip-roaring pain,” Ms. Duffy said, “you’re asking for drugs all the time, and you’re thinking: O.K., am I an addict? Am I asking too much? Am I offending the nurses? Are they taking so long on purpose to get back at me?”

    So it is that hostility grows between conscientious, reasonable nurses or doctors and conscientious, reasonable patients. And once the feeling is there, some patients begin to fear the very people who are caring for them, they say, and are very reluctant to call a patient representative or file a formal complaint.

    The Importance of Names

    After spending almost a year in an oncology ward being treated for leukemia, where she said she was spoiled by the nurses, Shawna Needham, 31, of Thomasville, N.C., had what she called a nightmare experience in a rehab unit.

    “The nursing staff was inconsiderate and lazy; it would take them 15 to 30 minutes to answer, just to get help going to the bathroom,” Ms. Needham said in an interview.

    But she was afraid to complain to the hospital. “If I did that, that’s the big time,” she said, “and if they got into trouble and found out I complained, well, I didn’t want anyone coming at night to slit my throat, put it that way.”

    Besides, she said, “I really had no idea who my nurses were; I knew none of their names.”

    Names matter enormously, patients say.

    In Dr. Goffman’s account of life in a mental institution in the 1950′s, he describes the admission process as a stripping away of possessions, “perhaps the most significant of which is not physical at all, one’s full name.”

    In modern medicine, patients more commonly become exasperated because they do not know the names of the doctors or other medical staff. At many clinics and hospitals, staff members come and go without introductions, patients say. Name tags are in lettering too small to read easily; the names embroidered in script on doctors’ coats can get lost in folds.

    In hundreds of focus groups conducted by Planetree, a nonprofit group based in Connecticut that helps hospitals become more responsive to patients needs, one of the most common complaints that patients had was that they could not tell who was on the care team or who was doing what, said Susan Frampton, president of Planetree.

    “What we encourage hospital staff to do is introduce themselves, always, and patients should demand it,” Dr. Frampton said.

    James Edwards of Kinston, N.C., devised an especially effective technique. After being blinded and suffering severe injuries in a chemical plant explosion, Mr. Edwards spent about six months in a burn unit, where he got to know the medical staff by the sound of their voices.

    Mr. Edwards was pleased with his care over all, but he became upset when hospital staff members entered his room without speaking to him.

    After one doctor slipped into the room unannounced and tried to give him an injection, Mr. Edwards decided that he had had enough, said his father, James (Red) Edwards Sr., in an interview. His son posted a sign on the outside of his door. It read:

    “ATTENTION:

    1) Please announce yourself when you come into my room (let me know your name and why you are here).

    2) Please let me know what you’re going to do and how it will feel before you touch me for any reason.

    Thanks – Jim and Red”

    The hospital where he was treated, at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, has included Mr. Edwards’s sign in a training video for its staff.

    Grim, drab, soulless, disorienting – these are the kinds of words patients often use to describe medical buildings, and the words evoke both the buildings’ designs and their effect on guests, experts say.

    Even the humble doctor’s office, if laden with medical tomes and framed medical degrees, can make a patient feel like an intruder in an exclusive space; unwelcome or even unworthy, say environmental psychologists.

    Larger facilities can pose more practical, mundane complications: many people have trouble navigating the parking garage, much less finding the front door or the admissions office. And once patients check in, they may get nothing more than a wave of a hand pointing them to an assigned room.

    “And then off you go, into this dreary, unattractive maze” that is often entirely cut off from the natural comforts of the outside world, said Dr. Roger Ulrich, director of the Center for Health Systems and Design at Texas A&M University.

    The Discomfort of Noise

    Noise levels may be more integral to effective care than hospitals realize. Television sets blare, moans issue from the room next door, nurses gossip in the corridor.

    In a recent study, Dr. Ulrich and researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden monitored the health of 94 heart disease patients. About a third of the patients received care in a unit with commonly used plaster ceiling tiles, which bounced sound waves back into the room. The other two-thirds were treated in rooms with sound-absorbing ceiling tiles, which muted echoes and reduced overall noise noticeably.

    After three months, the study found, the patients in the quieter rooms were less likely to be readmitted for further health problems than the others, and on questionnaires they rated the staff higher. They also had significantly lower pulse amplitude at night, a marker of better circulatory health.

    “Not to mention that when it’s quieter, you can actually hear and understand what staff members are saying to you,” Dr. Ulrich said. “These are the kinds of environmental factors that do not show up in a hospital’s brochure but we’re finding are very important not only to outcomes – how fast people get better – but to their overall experience as patients.”

    Experts say that many hospitals have already incorporated design improvements, including clearer hallway signs, courtyards, fountains, even flat-screen television sets in some rooms. In May, Dr. Ulrich was in England to advise the government on patient-friendly design for some $40 billion in new hospital projects, he said.

    But if the social and psychological culture of patient care is to improve, experts say, it is likely to depend on patients and families knowing their rights and acting on them.

    Ms. Duffy now works as a hospital volunteer, giving other breast cancer patients advice on how to avoid situations like her post-operative humiliation: Stop being a good girl, she says; you’ve got a mouth; you should use it. Have someone with you at all meetings with doctors, if possible. And take notes.

    “Otherwise,” she said, “you cease being a person and become ‘the carcinoma in Room B-2,’ like I was.”

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